>>40291
İkta is when right to collect taxes was given to bureucrats and they had to recruit certain amount of soldiers with standart equipment.

Tımar is when right to collect taxes to some military officer, again they had to recruit certain amount of soliders with standart equipment. Tımar was mostly implemented where Türks lived i.e balkans and anatolia.

In late ottoman era there was mültezim system where right to collect taxes rented and many times sold to local strongman who squezeed peasants dry, not to mention lack of proper recruits.

The owner of mültezim were usually dumb fucks who is rich and getting only richer. Not to mention rent based economies usually gets more stagnant.

>jews
usually not and there was no infiltration. when you banish people there to there mostly due to church influence (muslims don't have seperated religious organization, they are mostly temporal) they of course stick to each other and many times this create mutual distrust. the only secret jews I can mention are sabetay sevi and his cult.

>nobles
Sometimes yes, but in ottoman era our nobility was inconsistent due to constant balance shifts and overly centralization, that's why it was hard to implement reforms as there was barely anyone who understands importance of it and had power to implement it, other than sultans themselves. Ironically despite ottomans overly centralize, they still lacked authority in many areas of the empire mostly due to they having significant physcological problems, lack of up to date education and got the throne despite having no merit to talk about especially after seniority succesion system implemented.