>>144863, >>144859, >>144860
>The polio strain that the 10-month-old contracted evolved from a weakened virus that was originally part of an oral vaccine but had been removed from the vaccine in 2016 in hopes of preventing vaccine-derived outbreaks. Public health authorities knew that decision would leave people unprotected against that particular strain, with scientists saying the case is the result of “an unqualified failure” of public health policy.

Polio Global Eradication Initiative GPEI
OPV Cessation
Why OPV cessation?
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is extremely safe and effective at protecting children against lifelong polio paralysis. Over the past ten years, more than 10 billion doses of OPV have been given to nearly three billion children worldwide. More than 16 million cases of polio have been prevented, and the disease has been reduced by more than 99%. It is the appropriate vaccine through which to achieve global polio eradication.

OPV contains attenuated (weakened) polioviruses. On extremely rare occasions, use of OPV can result in cases of polio due to vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) and circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs). For this reason, the global eradication of polio requires the cessation of all OPV in routine immunization, as soon as possible after the eradication of wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission.
Phased approach to OPV cessation – trivalent OPV to bivalent OPV switch

Historically, OPV has been available in different formulations:
Trivalent OPV – containing type 1, 2 and 3 serotypes
Bivalent OPV – containing type 1 and 3 serotypes
Monovalent OPV – containing one serotype (ie type 1, 2 or 3)

A mix of all three formulations was being used to eradicate polio during supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). However, only trivalent OPV was used in routine immunization programmes. Bivalent OPV was exclusively used during SIAs to more rapidly interrupt the transmission of WPV1 and 3 – the only remaining WPV strains in circulation. WPV2 has been eradicated since 1999.