Anonymous
04/04/2023 (Tue) 23:52
No.20819
del
>>20817>>20818https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5937254/>Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we asked male and female participants to use a cognitive emotion regulation strategy (reappraisal) to down-regulate their emotional responses to negatively valenced pictures. Behaviorally, men and women evidenced comparable decreases in negative emotion experience. Neurally, however, gender differences emerged. Compared with women, men showed (a) lesser increases in prefrontal regions that are associated with reappraisal, (b) greater decreases in the amygdala, which is associated with emotional responding, and (c) lesser engagement of ventral striatal regions, which are associated with reward processing. We consider two non-competing explanations for these differences. First, men may expend less effort when using cognitive regulation, perhaps due to greater use of automatic emotion regulation. Second, women may use positive emotions in the service of reappraising negative emotions to a greater degree. >In addition to the prefrontal differences mentioned above, women engaged the ventral striatum to a greater extent than men during reappraisal. The ventral striatum has been implicated in reward-related processing in humans (Knutson, Adams, Fong, & Hommer, 2001; McClure, York, & Montague, 2004) and animals (Elliott, Friston, & Dolan, 2000). The ventral striatum is also more active when individuals are processing positive or humorous stimuli (pictures, films, etc; (Mobbs, Greicius, Abdel-Azim, Menon, & Reiss, 2003) and its activity may predict self-reports of positive affect (Knutson, Taylor, Kaufman, Peterson, & Glover, 2005). Therefore, it is possible that women are generating positive affect to a greater extent than men in order to down-regulate their negative responses. It is well-documented that positive emotion, or humor, can be used strategically to regulate negative emotion (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004). In accordance with these studies, we suggest that men may be quantitatively reducing the amount of negative affect they are experiencing, whereas women may be qualitatively transforming their negative affect into positive affect.https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1112&context=utk_nurspubs>Stylistic differences while narrating anger stories were noted between men in the present study and women in the study by Thomas et al. (1998). Men most commonly spoke of anger provocateurs in vague terms such as “this guy,” “an acquaintance,” or “another employee,” whereas women almost invari- ably used specific proper names throughout their in- terviews. Further exploration of this finding by schol- ars of linguistics would be useful; the vague language suggests a detachment or distancing that was not noted in women’s narratives.